Types of satellites
Medium Earth Orbit Satellites:
MEOs can be positioned somewhere between LEOs and GEOs, both in terms of their orbit and due to their advantages and disadvantages. Using orbits around 10,000 km, the system only requires a dozen satellites which is more than a GEO system, but much less than a LEO system. These satellites move more slowly relative to the earth’s rotation allowing a simpler system design (satellite periods are about six hours). Depending on the inclination, a MEO can cover larger populations.
Disadvantages: Again, due to the larger distance to the earth, delay increases to about 70–80 milliseconds.
Disadvantages: Again, due to the larger distance to the earth, delay increases to about 70–80 milliseconds.
Sun Synchronous Orbit Satellites:
These satellites rise and set with the sun. Their orbit is defined in such a way that they are always facing the sun and hence they never go through an eclipse. For these satellites, the surface illumination angle will be nearly the same every time.
(Surface illumination angle: The illumination angle is the angle between the inward surface normal and the direction of light. This means that the illumination angle of a certain point of the Earth's surface is zero if the Sun is precisely overhead and that it is 90 degrees at sunset and at sunrise.
(Surface illumination angle: The illumination angle is the angle between the inward surface normal and the direction of light. This means that the illumination angle of a certain point of the Earth's surface is zero if the Sun is precisely overhead and that it is 90 degrees at sunset and at sunrise.
Hohmann Transfer Orbit:
This is an intermediate orbit having a highly elliptical shape. It is used by GEO satellites to reach their final destination orbits. This orbit is connected to the LEO orbit at the point of perigee forming a tangent and is connected to the GEO orbit at the point of apogee again forming a tangent.