Gene expression
The degree to which a gene is active in a certain tissue of the body, measured by the amount of mRNA in the tissue. General: transcription and translation of a gene into a protein recombinant.

Gene signature
The genes that are consistently expressed in samples of a given tissue type.

Gene targeting
Technique for specifically inserting genetic loci modified in desired ways into e.g. laboratory mice.

Genetic engineering
Technology used to alter the genetic material of living cells in a way that the cells are capable of producing new substances or performing new functions.

Genetic map
Map of the positions of gene loci on a chromosome

Genetic mapping
The position of a gene on the chromosome is determined by means of recombination frequencies, and other solely genetic means.

Genetic marker
A piece of DNA or a gene whose properties (and sometimes also their position on the chromosomes) are known and can be used to identify particular cells or organisms; they might also be used as a reference point in a genetic mapping experiment.

Genome
The term describes the total genetic information of a specific unit of inheritance such as e.g., the nucleus or the mitochondria.

Geno micmicroarray
Technology that allows the assessment of multiple gene targets for the identification of gene amplifications or deletions in a different samples.

Genomics
The systematic and comprehensive analysis of the structure and function of the genome with the aim to identify and understand the role of genes.

Genotype
Genetic constitution of an organism.

GMO
Genetically modified organism

HLA
Human leukocyte antigen; the HLA system is very complex and characterised by extreme polymorphism. There are many websites dealing with HLA or Mhc (Major histocompatiblity complex), among them http://syfpeithi.de where you will also find references to further interesting links to HLA.

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